Academic Paper: The Domestic Delight of the Rice Krispies Treat

I would like to explain a situation that happened the other evening after class when I stood in front of our pantry. We were low on supplies - but not at a dead end - and I was contemplating the newfound struggle of becoming a Florida resident and having to become one of those people that keep goods in their fridge because it’ll mold, be eaten by sugar ants within hours, or become stale or saturated by humidity. And so, cabinet open, with a hankering for something sweet, two half-open and mostly-stale, mostly-sticky bags of marshmallows in my hands, I mentally kicked myself for not sticking them in the fridge the day they were opened. My mind wandered to why we had two in the first place and being slightly irked that they had both been opened at some point and gone stale, I was determined to ensure they wouldn’t go to waste because of my own oversight. What better way to harness the unique stickiness that stale marshmallows possess than to make Rice Krispies Treats?

Darn. No Krispies. But I had Cheerios. Add a dash of cinnamon and vanilla in the pot with butter and the tacky ‘mallows. Wait for the meltdown. I kept pondering why anyone would want to stick these ingredients together into some sticky block, wrap it up, and present it as a treat. Yet here we are, being charmed by the perfectness of cute, shiny blue, individually wrapped, soft, chewy, bubbly bricks that so neatly fit in our 2.5 children’s lunchboxes. How did this come to be? When did cereal, a generic name for grass-based grain, find its way into the sticky goop that are marshmallows? How are marshmallows even made? Why are they in Jell-O casseroles, on top of sweet potatoes, and incorporated into treat bars? So many questions to answer, but I had to start somewhere - with the Rice Krispies Treat.

 

Rice Krispies Treats (as trademarked by Kellogg’s)[1]

Ingredients:

3 tablespoons butter

1 package of JET-PUFFED marshmallows

6 cups Kellogg’s Rice Krispies Cereal

Directions:

  1. In a large saucepan, melt butter over low heat. Add marshmallows and stir until completely melted. Remove from heat.
  2. Add KELLOGG'S RICE KRISPIES cereal. Stir until well coated.
  3. Using buttered spatula or wax paper evenly press mixture into a 13 x 9 x 2-inch pan coated with cooking spray. Cool. Cut into 2-inch squares. Best if served the same day.

 

While the official recipe is owned by Kellogg’s and uses their name brand Rice Krispies, virtually any breakfast cereal can substitute in. A little something extra like cinnamon or vanilla can be added to the marshmallow gloop for a unique twist as well. Even alcohol like bourbon or rum has been incorporated, turning this juvenile treat into an adult indulgence. It is a recipe that has an iconic and simple standard with room for culinary interpretation and freedom. Rice cakes of this sort are not uncommon around the world - Asian cultures have created puffed rice cakes and treats, using cane syrup, spices, fruits, and other ingredients to incorporate into a far more global medley of flavors, all preserved in neat bricks and bars, both highly stackable and snackable. They keep relatively well for a while, and depending on what your preference is, can be eaten immediately to achieve that soft gooey experience or stashed for a day or two and have a tougher and chewier but equally satisfying treat.

          The Rice Krispies Treat was invented by an Iowan named Mildred Day with help from a coworker, Malitta Jensen.[2] While there is some debate between the version that Mildred and Malitta worked on - which used a molasses and corn syrup base before moving to marshmallows - and the one officially credited to the Home Economics Department of Kellogg, the original recipe can be dated somewhere between the 1930s and 1950s, having gone through a few different life cycles. First only offered and advertised as a recipe by the company on their cereal box, the actual pre-packaged goodies in their shiny blue sleeves didn’t appear on shelves to the public until the 1990’s.[3] Now, they’re a household name used as a base in cake-making competitions and find their way onto menus at state fairs and high-end restaurants alike.

          Between the 1930s and 1950s, home economics was a standard for the average female. In fact, Mildred had secured a job with Kellogg’s before college graduation, her interviewer being so impressed with her “table manners and home life.”[4] With an entire department for Home Economics and a nationally recognized brand, Kellogg’s took Mildred to about 38 states, interacting with women, caretakers, mothers, wives, and new brides in test kitchens across the nation. The treat really took off in popularity when the Camp Fire girls reached out to Kellogg’s seeking ideas for a fundraiser. Mildred was sent off to help them, making batch after batch of the treats with her own specialized equipment. The mothers of the girls would wrap them up, stock their daughters, and send them off to sell them door to door. While working with Kellogg’s, Mildred would also contribute to the creation of the airline meal. She later worked for Pillsbury before giving up her career to support her husband’s entrepreneurial spirit.

With Mildred’s particular story, there is another layer that reveals the culinary preferences of Midwestern households, from the grain- and cereal-based agricultural community dominating the landscape to the typical casserole and Jell-O mold dinner stereotypes. The vista of the Midwest is corn, soy, wheat, rice - for miles and miles that is all the eyes can see. Nowadays the only thing breaking this vista apart is Don Quixote’s nightmare - countless wind turbines. With this landscape yielding these kinds of crops, which in turn are converted locally into commercial products, local tastes typically align with what is familiar and known. Casseroles and treat bars could be prepared within half an hour, stashed in the fridge until dinner, and eaten as leftovers for lunch the next day or wrapped up neatly, frozen, and eaten at a later date. They were one-dish meals incorporating almost all of the food pyramid tiers, comprised of components grown in or familiar to the neighborhood, making preparation and cleaning chores less a time-consuming task after a full day of work as a domestic, a farmer, or a nine-to-five employee.

It makes sense in the end. One can justify our obsession with breakfast cereal and marshmallows by pointing sticky fingers at consumerism, capitalism, sugar-dependency, and big industry. That may be the case now, and it may have been the case then, but credit is owed to the home life and simply put, time, or lack thereof, of homemakers and sustenance-providers.

Culturally-speaking, Rice Krispies Treats are a sort of stereotypical treat of the White-American Picky Eater - one grain-based ingredient (that has been physically altered to be more aesthetically enjoyable) and a lot of sugar and fat. Add the excuses that Rice Krispies are “actually a breakfast food” and that “marshmallows technically came from a plant” (which could easily be another paper on the disparity in plant-human knowledge) and the result is a grab-and-go block of nutrition. While this recipe is not elaborate, challenging, or particularly noteworthy to any culinarian, the Rice Krispies Treat holds its own truth and importance in its humble background, ingredients, and creation story by bringing to light the expansive schedule and demands that the domestic woman experiences and is required to respond to her in life. Whether that starts at a bake sale for church or school fundraiser, the Rice Krispies Treat has made its presence known in almost every corner of the United States.



[1] “The Original Rice Krispies Treat Recipe,” Kellogg’s Rice Krispies, https://www.ricekrispies.com/en_US/recipes/the-original-treats-recipe.html

[2] Tom Longden, “From the archives: Love Rice Krispies Treats? You have an Iowan to thank,” Des Moines Register, last updated March 18, 2020, https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/entertainment/dining/2017/09/21/archives-love-rice-krispies-treats-you-have-iowan-thank/686025001/.

[3] Natasha Blakely, “The 80-year journey of the Rice Krispies treat,” Battle Creek Inquirer, last updated December 28, 2017, https://www.battlecreekenquirer.com/story/news/local/2017/12/20/80-year-journey-rice-krispies-treat/892431001/.

[4] Longden, “From the archives: Love Rice Krispies Treats? You have an Iowan to thank.”


Written for: Harvard Extension School course American Eating: Succotash, Spam, and Cultures of Food with Professor Zoe Eddy, 2021

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